Pregnancy Calendar at Week 27
What's Happening with the Baby
The 27th week of pregnancy marks the end of the second trimester. The intrauterine weight of the fetus is 900-1000 grams, and its length is 35-37 centimeters. If premature labor begins at 27 weeks, doctors in a modern clinic can ensure the newborn's viability. The internal organs are formed, and the liver, spleen, and brain are increasing in size.
The gender can be clearly identified on an ultrasound, regardless of the fetus's position. At 27 weeks, hormonal secretion is activated, and the fetus's body produces all the hormones of the thyroid and pancreas, laying the foundation for the child's healthy psychophysical development after birth. In many cases, the baby has already assumed the necessary position for natural childbirth - head down.
What's Happening with Mom
The strain on a woman's body significantly increases as the growing uterus continues to compress internal organs and systems, causing the pelvic bones to spread and resulting in a "waddling" gait. Pregnant women at 27 weeks may experience new sensations due to general and localized changes in their bodies.
Changes in the Uterus
The uterus is constantly growing, with changes in its depth, the condition of the endometrium, anatomy, and the thickness of the fundus. At 27 weeks, the fundus of the uterus rises almost 28 cm above the pubic bone, and its mass increases sharply, making it harder for women to find a comfortable position for sleeping and resting. The uterus begins to descend, putting pressure on the pelvic organs, the inferior vena cava, and the pubic bone. Under the weight of the uterine cavity and the fetus, the pelvic bones spread, preparing the body for childbirth.
Urination
A distinctive feature of the end of the second trimester is frequent urges to urinate at any time of day, regardless of the amount of fluid consumed. The pressure from the uterus reduces the bladder's capacity, and the fetus's movements send signals to the brain even with minimal filling. It's important to ensure timely emptying of the bladder and create conditions for regular bathroom visits. Prolonged urine retention can lead to cystitis.
Headache
At 27 weeks, the condition is often marred by regular headaches. Firstly, there's an increase in blood flow, and the body can't keep up with oxygenating the entire blood volume in a full circulation cycle. Secondly, the baby's active movements compress the vena cava, which negatively affects overall well-being. Constant pressure on the vein leads not only to headaches but also to dizziness, fainting, and severe nausea (it's important to differentiate this condition from preeclampsia - a dangerous complication).
Lower Back Pain
Usually, the pain is localized in the lumbar-sacral region of the spine and resembles acute osteochondrosis. This condition is due to increased strain on the lower limbs and spine. By maintaining balance, a woman creates double the load on the spinal column. The situation is often worsened by excess weight.
Breast Changes
Breast growth is noted as early as the beginning of the second trimester and continues until the baby is first latched on for feeding. The increase in breast volume is due to the swelling of the milk ducts, preparing for future lactation. Under the influence of the hormone prolactin, periodic nipple discharge resembling colostrum can already be observed. You should not squeeze or express these discharges to avoid premature lactostasis or mastitis. Adhering to hygiene rules is quite sufficient.
Skin Pigmentation
The appearance of spots on a woman's skin is a physiological process caused by increased adrenal activity and hormonal changes. There is an excessive secretion of melanocyte-stimulating hormone, which triggers the development of chloasma, melasma, and hyperpigmentation. By the 27th week, pigmentation is noted on the face and body, and a brown vertical line begins to form, roughly dividing the abdomen into two halves. This pigmentation usually disappears 2-5 months after the baby is born, although some traces may remain.
Swelling
The appearance of swelling is a result of the woman's weight gain, increased blood volume, and amniotic fluid. Normally, swelling accompanies pregnant women until delivery, but it's important to consider these well-being criteria: the swelling should subside on its own after rest and be localized on the face and lower extremities. If the swelling does not subside, becomes generalized, or if there is a change in overall well-being, it is a pathology that requires medical attention. The risk of developing swelling sharply increases with excessive body weight and multiple pregnancies.
Vaginal Discharge
Normal vaginal discharge is typically regular, with a mild acidic smell, mucous consistency, and clear appearance. Pathological discharge includes foul-smelling, foamy, milky-acidic, curd-like, or excessively watery discharge. In the latter case, it may indicate leaking amniotic fluid and the onset of labor.
Minor Bleeding
Any bleeding at 27 weeks and up to the middle of the third trimester poses a risk for preterm labor. The main causes are placental abruption due to premature maturation, the onset of labor, or a threat to the fetus's life. Brown or bloody discharge requires immediate hospitalization to determine the cause and take measures to preserve the pregnancy.
Changes in Food and Smell Preferences
During pregnancy, all of a woman's senses become heightened, and she may experience emotional instability, leading to unusual and quirky cravings. Additionally, she might develop an aversion to previously loved foods. These symptoms are particularly pronounced in the early stages, often indicating the presence of morning sickness, but they can also occur later in pregnancy. Changes in food or smell preferences are due to the body's heightened sensitivity to irritants.
Weight Gain
During regular check-ups, doctors consistently monitor the weight of pregnant women. By the 27th week, a normal weight gain is about 7-9 kg, which includes the volume of amniotic fluid and blood, the baby's weight, the uterus, and the breasts. Therefore, the increase in body weight is relatively minor. If the weight gain is significantly more than the initial weight, a thorough examination is recommended - all of this, combined with swelling and nausea, could be a sign of developing gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, or eclampsia.
Medical Examination
The examination of women at 27 weeks includes the following diagnostic procedures:
- Ultrasound (routine screening). The doctor evaluates the position of the fetus, presentation, the condition of internal organs and their topography, as well as the development of the fetus with standard markers.
- Blood tests. Attention is paid to the white blood cell count to rule out inflammation, red blood cells, and other qualitative and quantitative indicators.
- Urine analysis (general, for sterility, Nechiporenko test). The results are important for assessing protein levels (which should be absent), white blood cells, and other health indicators.
Additionally, Doppler ultrasound is prescribed to assess placental blood flow. Based on the results, the woman may be referred to a genetics center or hospitalized in the obstetrics department to maintain the pregnancy.
Pregnancy Challenges
Placental Abruption
Abdominal pain, back pain, and bleeding can be signs of placental abruption. With timely medical intervention (bed rest, medication), it is often possible to save and carry the baby to term even with a significant area of placental detachment.
Colored Pregnancy
Sometimes during pregnancy, a woman may experience periods, sometimes up until delivery. Doctors refer to this phenomenon as a "colored pregnancy." It is caused by low levels of hormones that suppress menstruation. This condition is not dangerous for the woman or her baby but requires medical supervision.
Cervical Insufficiency
This is a condition where the cervix prematurely begins to open, posing a risk of miscarriage. It requires mandatory treatment and ongoing medical supervision.
Primary Placental Insufficiency
If the placenta does not fully perform its function of providing the baby with oxygen and nutrients, it can impair the baby's growth and development. This condition requires mandatory treatment and ongoing medical supervision.
Possible deviations from the norm:
- preeclampsia;
- intrauterine growth restriction.
What You Can and Can't Do
The 27th week imposes certain restrictions on the life of the expectant mother and the family as a whole. It's important to consider what is allowed and what is prohibited to avoid unwanted consequences.
What the Expectant Mother CAN Do:
- Take prescribed medications and vitamin complexes as directed by the doctor;
- Have sex with a condom if there are no contraindications;
- Go for long walks in the fresh air;
- Maintain a proper sleep, wakefulness, and dietary routine;
- Engage in therapeutic exercises considering the woman's medical history and obstetric background;
You can continue working if your job does not involve high stress, physical activity, intense concentration, or heavy office workload (to avoid staying in the same position for too long); you can also visit exhibitions, museums, and theaters.
What the Expectant Mother CAN'T Do:
- Self-medicate for colds or other accompanying conditions;
- Have sex if there is a risk of bleeding, premature labor, or pain during intercourse;
- Engage in strenuous physical activities (including sports, lifting heavy objects, or household chores involving physical exertion);
- Visit crowded places during high epidemiological risks;
- some medical-diagnostic procedures;
- visiting nightclubs or attending loud entertainment events (heightened sensitivity can worsen the woman's overall condition);
- sitting in one position for a long time (working at a computer, knitting);
- ignoring doctors' recommendations, missing check-ups, or avoiding necessary planned hospitalizations;
- swimming in public pools or open bodies of water;
- eating fast food or exotic dishes.
- At 27 weeks, long trips by plane or train are not recommended, especially if the pregnancy is high-risk. It is advised for the woman to carry a special pregnancy certificate with obstetric history details so that medical professionals are aware of her condition.
Proper Nutrition
Healthy and proper nutrition is essential for ensuring adequate growth and development of the fetus, normalizing weight, and restoring bowel movements in case of constipation. The main principles of nutrition are:
- moderation and limitation - you shouldn't eat for two or three;
- cooking methods like boiling, stewing, and baking;
- eating small, frequent meals;
- instead of fresh pastries, opt for crackers, plain cookies, and toast;
- include protein (poultry, fish) and fermented dairy products (to stabilize bowel function and provide a mild diuretic effect) in your diet.
Dietary adjustments aim to normalize bowel movements, prevent gas and constipation, and reduce digestive load, as the main resources of a woman's body are directed towards the active growth of the fetus and a healthy pregnancy.
It's important to pay attention to nutrition, food preparation, and overall dietary discipline. The quality of the food consumed, drinking water, and dietary restrictions are key to the health of both the woman and the future child. Even though almost all organs and systems of the fetus are formed and ready for autonomous existence, food plays a crucial role in the normal course of pregnancy. The following food ingredients should be included in the diet:
- Cottage cheese, cheeses, kefir, and other fermented dairy products - provide the body with calcium for bone growth and prevent tooth loss in women;
- Fiber (fresh and cooked vegetables, fruits, berries) to improve digestion, ensure timely bowel movements, and restore urine passage in case of constipation;
- Drinks - recommended are chamomile-based decoctions, water with honey (if no allergies), rosehip berry decoctions, and berry fruit drinks, but daily fluid intake should be monitored to avoid generalized swelling.
Modern culinary recipes and approaches to dish presentation can turn ordinary steamed cutlets into a true masterpiece. Dishes should be garnished with greens and healthy seasonings (such as basil).
Need for Vitamins and Minerals
Healthy eating isn't just about proper cooking and sticking to a schedule, but also about creating a diet that meets the needs of a woman and her baby at 27 weeks. It's essential to include the following vitamins and minerals in your diet:
Vitamin A
Benefits: Controls hemoglobin levels, stimulates fetal growth. Found in: poultry, beef, fish and seafood, fermented dairy drinks, cheeses, cottage cheese.
Folic Acid
Benefits: Development of the central nervous system, neural tube, and brain. Found in: tuna, sturgeon, trout, mussels, shrimp, organ meats, buckwheat, oatmeal, feta cheese.
Vitamin B1
Benefits: Normalizes carbohydrate metabolism, development of the central nervous system and cardiovascular system. Found in: cabbage, eggplants, tomatoes, young peas, zucchini, eggplants, nuts.
Vitamin B2
Benefits: Absorption and transport of iron, selenium, vitamin A, improves hemodynamics, formation of connective and muscle tissue. Found in: poultry, rabbit, all greens, rice and corn grits, eggs.
Vitamin B3
Benefits: Hormonal balance, detoxification, boosts immunity, normalizes cholesterol levels. Found in: chicken breast, grains, apples (juice, puree), avocado, legumes, nuts.
Vitamin B5
Benefits: fat breakdown, regeneration of epithelial cells, cholesterol level control, brain function. Found in: Brussels sprouts, broccoli, beans, peas, brewer's yeast, fish roe.
Vitamin B7
Benefits: thyroid formation, stabilization of glycemic index, prevention of metabolic disorders. Found in: whole milk, egg yolk, chicken and beef liver, bananas.
Vitamin C
Benefits: activation of the body's defense functions, transport of vitamin PP, calcium, improvement of vascular function. Found in: oranges, sea buckthorn, lemons, black currants, sorrel, rose hips.
Vitamin D3
Benefits: ensures transport and absorption of calcium, iodine, boosts immunity, regulates healthy water-electrolyte balance. Found in: seafood, fish oil, milk, meat. Vitamin D3 is produced by the adrenal cortex under the influence of sunlight. Recommended in ready-made pharmacy solutions on a water basis (the norm for pregnant women is 2-5 drops per day), especially in regions with cold climates and short sunny days.
Vitamin E
Benefits: formation of lungs, respiratory tract organs, and the respiratory system as a whole. Found in: all vegetable oils (sunflower, olive, corn, flaxseed, sesame, sea buckthorn, canola, highly refined palm oil).
Vitamin K
Benefits: synthesis and transport of vitamin D, phosphorus-calcium metabolism, formation of healthy bone and muscle structures. Found in: fresh and boiled vegetables, fruits, lettuce leaves, pine nuts, cashews, figs, kiwi, dried fruits.
Vitamin P
Benefits: detoxification, release of free radicals, improvement of brain function, central nervous system, prevention of intrauterine hypoxia. Found in: apples, plums, rosehip broth (berries), tomatoes, dark chocolate, cocoa beans.
Iodine
At 27 weeks, there is still a need to stimulate thyroid function to avoid congenital hypothyroidism. The need for iodine increases if the mother has endocrine pathologies. The average daily dose is 300-500 mg. Found in non-preserved seaweed, sea fish, fish oil, soy.
Copper
This trace element is necessary for the health of blood-forming organs and the improvement of blood composition. At 27 weeks, 1 mg per day is sufficient, as the child's body is already quite formed. Found in fresh and boiled beets, pumpkin, dried apricots, walnuts.
Selenium
Considering the continued development of the central nervous system, selenium intake should not be less than 3-5 mg per day. Found in high concentrations in corn grits, pumpkin seeds, wheat sprouts, sea fish.
Magnesium
This trace element is crucial for the normal growth of the fetus right up until birth, playing a role in the development of the kidneys and liver. It's beneficial for the mother in the later stages of pregnancy as a preventive measure against complications. You can find it in green salads, legumes, brown rice, sesame seeds, and cilantro. The daily dose is 300-500 mg.
Zinc
In the early stages, zinc helps form bone and muscle tissue, while in the later stages, it ensures the density and hardness of bone tissue. The daily dose is 10 mg. It's found in coconut milk, egg yolks, pumpkin, and tomatoes.
Calcium
Calcium supports the continued growth of the skeletal system, the formation of both permanent and baby teeth, and prevents hypocalcemia in pregnant women. It's found in large quantities in boiled egg shells, cottage cheese, and fermented dairy products.
Cobalt
Cobalt is absorbed in the body as vitamin B12 and is necessary for improving blood composition, stabilizing hemoglobin, and its components. It's recommended to eat white poultry meat, grapes, unsalted peanuts, and veal liver.
Phosphorus
Alongside calcium, it ensures normal growth and strengthening of bone tissue and is necessary for the further development of muscle-cartilage structures and organs of the hepatobiliary system. The daily dose should not exceed 1500 mg. It is found in bananas, cheeses (including goat, salty, and rennet), dried fruits (apricots, candied fruits), pomegranates, fresh raspberries, cherries, and homemade sausages.
Sodium
The daily allowance at 27 weeks is no more than 300 mg, as exceeding this dosage can lead to increased swelling. Sodium is involved in the transport of calcium and vitamin D3. It is found in almost all foods. Replenishment requires the consumption of table or sea salt.
Silicon
The daily dosage at 27 weeks slightly increases from 50 to 70-100 mg. Considering that silicon boosts immunity and accumulates in the fetus's body, this will help the newborn develop its own protective resources. It is found in garden berries, legumes, pineapples, buckwheat, and animal fats.
Chromium
This trace element is necessary for the proper absorption of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates and is involved in the digestive health of the fetus. Chromium helps maintain a normal water-electrolyte balance. It is found in large quantities in lamb, beef, feta cheese, and other cheeses, and grapes.
At 27 weeks pregnant, women still need all the vitamins, macro- and microelements, and minerals to support the health of the fetus and prepare for natural childbirth.
Important! You should choose a multivitamin complex based on the recommendation of your doctor – your obstetrician-gynecologist and/or therapist.
Helpful Tips
Women should pay attention to any changes in their well-being and sensations. Normally, by the end of the second trimester, a woman experiences real relief: her hormonal balance is restored, her belly drops, and her thoughts are filled with the joy of impending motherhood. However, there are also subjective factors that can affect both the course of the pregnancy and the psycho-emotional state.
For reducing back pain, massage is recommended. It's important to pay attention to the bed. To improve sleep at night, you can place a pillow under your belly, which will reduce muscle tension and make the side-lying position more comfortable. To reduce stretch marks, it is recommended to regularly apply natural oil or a rich cream to the skin of the belly and chest—these cosmetic products soften the skin, increase its elasticity, and reduce the appearance of postpartum stretch marks.
Men's psychology differs from women's; dads understand a woman's pregnancy mainly through noticeable physical changes: the rounding of the belly and changes in food preferences. However, future dads should understand that pregnancy brings a woman into a special state characterized by hormonal surges and changes in health. Therefore, it is recommended to pay attention to the following aspects:
- the inability to maintain a usual sex life, especially when contraindications are present;
- ensuring a normal psycho-emotional atmosphere in the family;
- providing as much help as possible with household chores and physical labor;
- being patient with your wife's whims and requests.
Doctors assert that most postpartum depressions are caused not only by hormonal changes but also by the degree of a man's involvement in the woman's life and his readiness for fatherhood. Men are advised to support the woman during the obstetric examination stage and throughout the entire pregnancy period to prevent postpartum depression and complications related to stress factors.
The 27th week of pregnancy still requires a responsible attitude from the woman towards her health. This is why attention is paid to the food and drink consumed, the appearance of alarming symptoms, and lifestyle.
Exercises for Expecting Moms
Acceptable exercises during pregnancy include:
- ball exercises - maintaining abdominal muscle tone, reducing pelvic pain;
- walking - outdoor walks not only oxygenate the brain but also keep your legs looking great;
- Pilates - stretching exercises that help ease the birthing process and improve tissue nutrition;
- yoga - restores breathing, stretches muscles, and adds elasticity to cartilage tissue.
Exercises on machines (such as stationary bikes, arm and shoulder workouts) are also acceptable. Workouts in the gym should be supervised by a fitness instructor. When performing exercises, there should be no additional strain on the abdominal muscles or any straining.
Discomforts During Pregnancy
Intestinal Disorders
The main cause of the pathological process is due to the disruption of bowel movements, specifically constipation. The abdominal cavity swells, vascular structures fill with blood, and the uterus compresses both the large and small intestines - all these factors contribute to constipation. An important factor in the development of constipation is the lack of dietary discipline.
Hormonal Imbalances
The intense production of hormones during pregnancy is influenced by even the slightest disruptions in a woman's body at 27 weeks. The result of hormonal imbalance includes intestinal and vaginal dysbiosis, weakened immunity, and infectious-inflammatory processes.
Urinary Function Disorders
When the bladder and ureters are compressed, urination is disrupted. If the bladder is not emptied in a timely manner, bacterial microflora can join in. Cystitis is accompanied by painful urination, and purulent infiltrate can seep through the placental barrier. Disrupted urination can lead to bleeding, indicating placental abruption.
Lower Abdominal Pain
Persistent aching pain can indicate uterine hypertonus. Increased contractility of the uterine muscles can lead to various pregnancy complications, including premature labor and stillbirth. At 27 weeks, moderate pain may signal the first signs of pre-labor, but chronic, worsening pain with other symptoms (discharge, fever) is a cause for concern.
Dizziness and Fainting
It's normal if dizziness is caused by the baby's movements in the womb or compression of the vena cava. However, prolonged malaise, constant drowsiness, and worsening health (vomiting, nausea) are considered pathological. Persistent dizziness can indicate the onset of gestosis and preeclampsia, requiring hospital monitoring of the woman.
Swelling
Persistent swelling of the lower extremities and internal organs requires immediate hospitalization. Often, the decision is made for early delivery, followed by intensive care and resuscitation for the baby. Generalized swelling requires treatment for the woman herself, as the progressing condition can lead to life-threatening complications.
Chronic Constipation
Changes in bowel movements can be caused by alterations in diet, insufficient fiber intake, and inadequate hydration. To prevent constipation, it is recommended to maintain a proper diet. The diet should include fiber and fermented dairy products. If constipation is not resolved through dietary changes, herbal laxatives may be prescribed.
You should consult a doctor if you experience any discomfort that causes concern, or if any unusual symptoms appear during the 27th week of pregnancy.
Checklist
- Avoiding intense physical activities;
- Maintaining a protective regimen to safeguard the body from infectious and inflammatory diseases;
- Regulating sexual activity, engaging in sex with a partner only if there are no discomforts, and using a condom;
- Organizing a lifestyle that includes proper rest, sleep, wakefulness, and meal times;
- Following the principles of healthy eating - you can consult a clinical nutritionist to create a diet plan;
- Avoiding self-medication and using folk remedies for various diseases and conditions without consulting a doctor;
- Taking regular walks in the fresh air.
Pregnant women at 27 weeks are advised to avoid stress factors and create conditions for a favorable psycho-emotional environment in society and within the family.