Pregnancy Calendar at Week 26
What's Happening with the Baby
By the 26th week, the baby's weight reaches 970 grams, and their length is about 40 centimeters. The internal organs are settling into their proper places. For instance, the lungs are positioned on either side of the heart, and the diaphragm separates them from the abdominal cavity. The small and large intestines are anchored by their own mesentery, through which blood vessels and nerve fibers pass.
In boys, the movement of the testes into the scrotum begins around the 26th week of gestation. This process is usually completed by the 29th or 30th week. In girls, the formation of the external genitalia and the vagina is completed.
What's Happening with Mom
During pregnancy, a woman's body undergoes changes characteristic of the gestational period. The discomfort that arises is not a symptom of illness but is typical of a normal pregnancy.
Changes in the Uterus
The increase in its size leads to pressure on nearby organs, causing unpleasant sensations. Its width is 16 cm, and its height is 24 cm. Upon palpation, the upper edge of the organ is found 26 cm above the pubic bone, which corresponds to the stage of pregnancy. The pressure on internal organs leads to heartburn, frequent urination, bloating, and constipation.
Practice Contractions
Periodically, practice contractions occur, accompanied by uterine contractions. They do not harm the baby. A mucus plug continues to form in the cervix. Its role is to prevent infections from entering the uterine cavity from the vagina. If a woman at 26 weeks experiences contractions accompanied by pain and watery discharge, she should call for emergency medical assistance immediately.
Urination
The uterus is located near the bladder. When it increases in size, it compresses the bladder, leading to a relative decrease in its volume. This results in more frequent urination – up to 1-2 times every 2 hours. For a woman who is 26 weeks pregnant, this poses no threat, as frequent urination helps prevent urine stagnation and the development of inflammatory diseases like cystitis and pyelonephritis.
Headaches
Headaches can occur for several reasons: hormonal changes, fluctuations in blood pressure, and the exacerbation of chronic conditions. A headache may be accompanied by general weakness, nausea, dizziness, and other symptoms. If a headache occurs, medical assistance should be sought. Self-medication can lead to negative consequences for both the woman and the baby.
Lower Back Pain
Lower back pain arises due to increased stress on the spine and the forward shift of the body's center of gravity. To maintain balance, the muscle tone in the lower back increases, leading to discomfort. If a woman had osteochondrosis or other spinal conditions before pregnancy, these changes can cause flare-ups. Rest, wearing a support belt, and special exercises can help alleviate the pain.
Breasts
Changes in the breasts are characterized by swelling and a feeling of heaviness. The reason for this is the growth of glandular tissue, which is involved in the production of breast milk after childbirth. To reduce discomfort, it is recommended to use a special sleep bra, and during the day, wear a sports bra. This provides additional support to the breasts, preventing pain and ligament damage.
Skin Pigmentation
Increased pigmentation in the skin cells of pregnant women during the third trimester is associated with hormonal changes in the body. The spots that appear on the skin with increased pigmentation have sharply defined borders and range in color from dark yellow to dark brown. They are most commonly found on the face, around the nipples, and on the external genitalia. No treatment is required. The color of the pigmented areas will return to normal on its own after childbirth.
Swelling
The increase in blood volume during pregnancy leads to the development of peripheral edema. This swelling typically occurs in the evening or after prolonged walking. If the swelling becomes pronounced and does not subside after a night's sleep, medical attention is required. Persistent or severe swelling can be a symptom of pregnancy-induced hypertension.
Vaginal Discharge
During the 26th week of gestation, you might notice light discharge that doesn't have an unpleasant odor. This discharge is typically characterized by a uniform consistency. Signs of a problem include pus-like or cottage cheese-like discharge, accompanied by unpleasant symptoms such as itching or burning in the lower abdomen.
Bleeding
Minor bleeding is more common in the first trimester and is not usually a sign of illness. However, if it occurs at 26 weeks or later, it often indicates a problem. These issues can include premature placental abruption or placenta previa. To diagnose and treat these conditions, a woman should consult a gynecologist.
Food Preferences
The main reason for changes in food preferences and smells is the alteration in progesterone levels, leading to biochemical changes in a woman's body. As a result, a woman might experience an increased craving for meat or an aversion to it, among other things. Some women may have unusual cravings, such as a desire to eat non-food items like lime, chalk, etc. This is strictly prohibited as it can negatively affect a woman's digestive system.
Weight Gain
The increase in the size of the fetus, uterus, and blood volume leads to weight gain in pregnant women. By the 26th week of gestation, the total weight gain ranges from 11 to 20 pounds, depending on the initial values of this indicator.
Medical Examination
At 26 weeks of pregnancy, a woman needs a medical examination:
- Consultation with an obstetrician-gynecologist. The 26th week of gestation marks the sixth visit to the specialist;
- Complete blood count to determine hemoglobin levels. Pregnancy often leads to anemia, which can cause hypoxia in internal organs and the fetus;
- Biochemical blood test to monitor glucose levels. This helps in the timely detection of diabetes. If elevated glucose levels are found, the doctor adjusts the pregnant woman's diet;
- Urinalysis for early diagnosis of cystitis and other inflammatory conditions;
- Physical examination including weight measurement and blood pressure monitoring. Additionally, the height of the uterine fundus and abdominal circumference are measured;
- The second scheduled screening is conducted at 26 weeks. This examination assesses the condition and position of the placenta, as well as the development of the fetus's internal organs and central nervous system.
Pregnancy Challenges
Complications during the 26th week of gestation are rare, but during this period, difficulties in carrying the pregnancy to term can arise, potentially leading to negative outcomes for both the woman and the baby.
- Premature cervical dilation or cervical insufficiency. This condition increases the risk of miscarriage as it creates conditions for the fetus to exit the uterine cavity. The woman needs to consult with an obstetrician-gynecologist and receive treatment.
- Fetoplacental insufficiency. This develops due to impaired transport of oxygen and nutrients through the placenta. Causes include gestational diabetes, acute infectious diseases, and more. With timely medical intervention, comprehensive therapy can be administered to avoid complications for the baby.
- The onset of sharp abdominal and back pain, accompanied by uterine bleeding, may indicate placental abruption. The woman requires emergency hospitalization. Early treatment can help preserve the pregnancy and carry the fetus to term regardless of the extent of the abruption.
What You Can and Can't Do
Obstetricians and gynecologists have a set of recommendations for pregnant women. These tips are similar to those given for any stage of pregnancy.
What Expectant Moms CAN Do:
- Exercise regularly. Physical activity should be tailored to the pregnancy;
- Take vitamin and mineral supplements as prescribed by your doctor;
- Take regular walks in the fresh air. Long walks and using stairs instead of elevators can improve cardiovascular and respiratory health;
- Sleep on your left side. This position does not affect placental blood flow, unlike sleeping on your right side or back;
- If there are no contraindications, have regular sex, choosing comfortable positions;
- Take a warm bath in the evening before bed. It is not recommended to add aromatic additives or plant extracts;
- Learn breathing techniques;
- Do exercises to strengthen the pelvic floor muscles, such as Kegel exercises and others.
What Expectant Moms CAN'T Do:
- consume alcoholic beverages, drugs, and continue smoking;
- take medications or dietary supplements without consulting a doctor;
- undergo X-ray examinations of the abdominal and chest organs, including fluorography and CT scans;
- continue working with toxic substances or in other harmful environments;
- visit tattoo parlors or get permanent makeup. Violations of sterility rules can lead to infections like viral hepatitis or HIV;
- drink caffeinated beverages, including strong tea, uncontrollably. Frequent consumption can cause tachycardia and high blood pressure;
- lift and carry heavy objects. Physical activity at 26 weeks should be moderate.
Proper Nutrition
Food products are sources of nutrients essential for maintaining a woman's health and ensuring a normal pregnancy. They provide the necessary proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, and trace elements.
At 26 weeks of pregnancy, it is recommended to:
- Reduce the consumption of foods that can trigger allergies. These include chocolate, eggs, citrus fruits, berries, and red-colored vegetables. Complete avoidance is not necessary; just reduce their intake;
- Cut down on bread and pastry products in the diet. The simple carbohydrates in these foods cause a sharp rise in blood glucose and insulin levels, increasing the risk of developing diabetes;
- Eliminate any spicy, fried, smoked, salty, and fatty dishes from the diet. These are contraindicated both during pregnancy and outside of it;
- Favor foods that are steamed. Boiled and baked dishes are also beneficial;
- Have small, frequent meals – 5-6 times a day. This includes 3 main meals and 2-3 snacks;
- Consume 1.5-2 liters of fluids daily. This should be discussed with your healthcare provider;
- Avoid foods and dishes that could lead to parasitic infections or poisoning. This includes fish, raw meat, and unpasteurized milk.
Proper nutrition ensures the normal development of the baby during the prenatal period and the health of the woman. You can get information about healthy foods from a doctor or a dietitian. For example, many specialists recommend consuming more fiber during pregnancy. It reduces the risk of constipation, nausea, and bloating. Existing scientific studies also show that regular intake of fiber-rich foods helps control the pregnant woman's weight.
It's necessary to consume 25-30 grams of dietary fiber per day. You can get it from various sources: fruits (pears, apples, apricots), vegetables, whole grain pasta and bread, cereals, legumes, and dried fruits. The diet should be diverse. This ensures the intake of various vitamins and minerals that are beneficial during pregnancy.
Need for Vitamins and Micronutrients
During pregnancy, the requirements for minerals and vitamins increase. They ensure normal metabolism in both the woman and the baby, and also help prevent developmental anomalies in the fetus. Minerals and vitamins are found in various foods.
Vitamin A (Retinol)
Supports the normal condition of the placenta, particularly the blood vessels. It also affects metabolism and the formation of blood cells in the developing fetus. Foods rich in retinol include cod liver, egg yolk, spinach, sorrel, parsley, sea buckthorn, dried fruits, black currants, and dairy products.
B Vitamins
Participate in many physiological processes, from immune system function to metabolism. Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) affects blood vessels, helping to prevent low blood pressure in pregnant women.
Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)
Is essential for liver cells. It helps prevent damage to these cells and is involved in regeneration processes. Vitamin B3 or PP (Niacin) regulates cholesterol levels, reducing the risk of atherosclerosis. Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic Acid) is involved in the regulation of thyroid and adrenal hormones. Without it, there is a risk of cretinism in the child, as well as widespread soft tissue swelling.
Vitamin B7 (Biotin)
Ensures the normal condition of the skin, hair, and nails. Vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin) is an essential component for the absorption of folic acid. These vitamins are abundantly found in whole grain products, yeast, bran, legumes, nuts, various greens, beets, cabbage, tomatoes, potatoes, milk and cheese, eggs, seafood and fish, fruits, and berries.
Vitamin B9 (Folic Acid)
Ensures the integrity of genetic information, the formation of the central nervous system, and internal organs in a child. In its absence, severe anemia, immunodeficiency conditions, and blood clotting disorders develop. Folic acid is found in beef liver, greens, legumes and nuts, fresh green peas, grains, bread and pasta made from whole grain flour, yeast, plant seeds, fermented dairy products, and nuts.
Vitamin E (Tocopherol)
is one of the powerful antioxidants. These are substances that protect the body's cells from damaging factors like toxins and more. Tocopherol plays a role in the metabolism of proteins and fats, the formation of hormones, and the blood supply to the fetus. Adequate intake from food reduces the severity of inflammatory processes in the body of both the child and the pregnant woman. It is found in unrefined vegetable oils, grains, seeds, nuts, tomatoes, leafy greens, parsley, rose hips, meat, egg yolks, milk, and beef liver.
Vitamin D (calciferol)
is involved in the processes of bone tissue formation and maturation, as it regulates the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus. It helps prevent the development of rickets and inflammatory skin diseases. Some experts note the positive impact of vitamin D on the condition of arterial vessels, the thyroid gland, and the immune system. Calciferol is abundant in fish oil, beef liver, mushrooms, milk and dairy products, fish and seafood, and greens.
Vitamin K (phylloquinone)
is necessary for normal blood clotting. It participates in the formation of factors that ensure the cessation of bleeding. The main sources of vitamin K include carrots, tomatoes, lettuce, plant leaves, rose hips, raspberries, dried apricots, nuts, and strawberries.
Vitamin H (biotin)
It regulates the formation of proteins from amino acids and fats from fatty acids, preventing disruptions in these processes. Vitamin H is essential for the maturation and functioning of the nervous system in the fetus. It is found in the kidneys and liver of cattle, eggs, milk and dairy products, grains, fish and seafood, greens, and legumes.
Iron
The main role in the body is the formation of hemoglobin. This is a protein found in red blood cells that is involved in the transport of oxygen through the blood. A deficiency of iron in a pregnant woman leads to anemia. As a result, the baby experiences oxygen deprivation, which negatively affects the nervous system and internal organs. Iron is abundant in beef and liver, chicken, rabbit meat, seafood and fish, buckwheat, oatmeal, greens, berries, and fruits.
Iodine
It is necessary for the production of thyroid hormones. Its deficiency leads to hormonal imbalances in women and can also cause mental retardation in the child. Iodine is found in seaweed and fish, as well as cod liver. Doctors recommend replacing part of the salt in your diet with iodized salt.
Zinc
The mineral influences the immune system, metabolism, and cell growth rate in both women and fetuses. A deficiency can disrupt brain function, the lymphatic system, and endocrine organs. Various types of meat and seafood are rich in zinc. It is also found in small amounts in sunflower seeds, pumpkin, cocoa, and spinach.
Calcium
– the primary micronutrient that ensures the normal condition of a child's bone tissue and teeth. It also helps maintain the tone of blood vessels and skeletal muscles. Calcium is essential for normal blood clotting, adrenal hormone production, and cholesterol metabolism regulation. Doctors recommend consuming cabbage, garlic, parsley, milk and dairy products, chicken eggs, nuts, bran, whole grain baked goods and pasta, as well as berries to ensure adequate intake.
Manganese
is a mineral involved in the immune system and blood formation. This micronutrient is also necessary for the absorption of iron and B vitamins from food. A deficiency can impair the development of the musculoskeletal system and internal organs. Manganese is abundant in beef liver and kidneys, fish products, berries, raspberries, cocoa, tea, honey, baked goods, and pasta.
Magnesium
The trace element accelerates the repair of damaged genetic material in cells, normalizes the function of endocrine organs and the cardiovascular system, and participates in the formation and maturation of bone structures. Magnesium is found in drinking water, sunflower and pumpkin seeds, nuts, raspberries, blackberries, parsley, onions, lettuce, hard cheeses, rye bread, and more.
Phosphorus
is part of DNA and RNA and some proteins. In the form of salts with calcium, it forms the hard part of bones. The mineral is necessary for the regulation of metabolism and muscle activity. A deficiency can disrupt the tone of skeletal muscles and lower blood pressure. Phosphorus is abundant in meat, fish and seafood, grains, legumes, dairy and fermented dairy products, nuts, and berries.
Selenium
is an antioxidant with high biochemical activity. The mineral protects genetic material and cells of various tissues from the damaging effects of free radicals, and it also positively influences the activity of the immune system. Selenium improves the absorption of iodine from food and water, normalizing the production of thyroid hormones in the thyroid gland. In children, a deficiency of this trace element can lead to the accumulation of cellular damage, which may cause congenital developmental anomalies. Selenium is found in meat and organ meats, fish, grains, whole grain pasta and bread, eggs, and garlic.
Silicon
Essential for the formation of bone and cartilage tissue, as it participates in mineralization processes. A deficiency of this mineral in food can disrupt the blood clotting system, slow down the division of skin and nervous system cells. Without silicon, connective tissue cannot form. A lack of this trace element negatively affects the health of children and women. Silicon can be obtained from animal products and fish. A small amount of the mineral is also present in plants and their seeds.
Chromium
Plays a role in the genetic apparatus of cells, ensuring the growth and reproduction of cells in various tissues. Doctors note its influence on blood glucose levels, as a deficiency of this trace element in women increases the risk of developing diabetes. Chromium is found in meat, cod liver, eggs, dairy, and fermented dairy products.
Cobalt
Is a part of vitamin B12, which regulates metabolism and maintains the immune and nervous systems in an active state. Reduced intake of this mineral through food causes pancreatic dysfunction and iron-deficiency anemia in women due to impaired iron absorption. Cobalt is abundant in fish and seafood, meat and offal (kidneys, liver), nuts, vegetables, fruits, and mushrooms.
Potassium
It plays a role in regulating water-salt balance and maintains normal levels of tissue and interstitial fluids. When its levels in the blood decrease, glucose loses its ability to enter cells, leading to hypoglycemic issues despite high insulin levels. Potassium is found in dried fruits, beans, peas, nuts, potatoes, sorrel, and other vegetables or plants.
Helpful Tips
Back pain experienced by most pregnant women is associated with increased stress on the spine and a shift in the center of gravity. This unpleasant condition can be easily prevented. Doctors recommend following these guidelines:
- engage in pregnancy-specific exercises aimed at strengthening the muscles of the back, arms, and legs;
- avoid heavy physical activities and lifting weights;
- when working while standing, take a break every 20-30 minutes. During this time, it's best to lie down with your legs slightly elevated.
The man supports the woman during pregnancy. In addition to providing psychological support and helping around the house, the dad can create a photo album for the future baby. All you need is a camera or a smartphone and a few minutes of free time. Regular photo sessions help capture the pregnancy and remember these days.
Exercises for Expecting Moms
Physical activity is an important part of preparing for childbirth. Before starting any exercise routine, it's essential to consult with your doctor, as some types of exercises have specific contraindications. The overall intensity should be moderate because a pregnant woman's body has a reduced ability to adapt. Experts recommend choosing bodyweight exercises, primarily to improve balance and coordination. Lifting any heavy weights is prohibited, as increased intra-abdominal pressure can trigger the onset of labor. Exercise routines typically include arm and leg bends and extensions, torso twists, heel raises, squats, and so on. If any discomfort arises, physical activity should be stopped immediately.
Discomforts During Pregnancy
Colds and bacterial respiratory infections. These are characterized by a body temperature increase to 100.4°F (38°C) or higher, general weakness, headache, runny nose, and cough. When bacteria and viruses enter a child's body through the placenta, they disrupt the formation processes of internal organ structures and the nervous system. Therefore, self-medication for infectious diseases is unacceptable. A woman should seek medical help at the first signs of symptoms.
Yeast infections occur due to a decrease in immune activity and changes in hormone levels in a woman's body. They are accompanied by unpleasant symptoms such as cottage cheese-like vaginal discharge with a foul odor, as well as itching and burning in the lower abdomen. Treatment involves the use of local antifungal medications prescribed by the attending physician. An important aspect of therapy is the necessity to complete the entire treatment course, as candidiasis can become chronic.
Gestational diabetes develops due to a woman's body becoming less sensitive to insulin. With the right therapy, it doesn't pose a threat to the baby or the mother. However, if glucose levels aren't monitored, both the mother's and the baby's weight can increase rapidly, leading to metabolic issues. The first signs of gestational diabetes are increased thirst and frequent urination. If these symptoms appear, it's important to consult with a gynecologist or a general practitioner.
Cystitis and pyelonephritis. Inflammation of the bladder lining and the renal pelvis develops due to impaired urine flow. This is associated with the pressure of the enlarged uterus on the urinary system organs. This creates favorable conditions for bacterial growth, which leads to inflammatory changes. These conditions are characterized by pain in the lower abdomen or lower back, frequent urination, and fever. Treatment involves antibiotics, which are selected by the attending physician based on existing indications and contraindications.
Lower back pain. The main cause is the increased load on the spine due to the shift of the body's center of gravity forward and weight gain. The pain is most intense in the evening and after physical activity. Special treatment is not required, as the cause disappears after childbirth.
Varicose veins in the legs often develop during the 2nd or 3rd trimester of pregnancy. The tone of the veins is disrupted due to hormonal imbalances and an increase in the volume of circulating blood. The veins in the lower extremities become more pronounced, and spider veins may appear. To prevent and treat varicose veins, it's usually sufficient to use special elastic compression stockings that improve blood flow from the leg veins.
Checklist
- If you experience any discomfort or have any questions, consult with your obstetrician-gynecologist.
- Follow the principles of a balanced diet, avoiding fast food, fried, smoked, and salty foods.
- Normalize your sleep and wake schedule. Nighttime sleep should last at least 8 hours.
- Attend prenatal exercise and massage classes.
- Wear compression stockings or garments during the day. Your doctor or a specialist at an orthopedic store can help you choose the right level of compression.
- Use topical products to prevent stretch marks and improve skin condition.
- Practice breathing exercises to increase oxygen levels in your blood and help prepare for childbirth.
- To prevent swelling, in addition to wearing compression garments, it is recommended to elevate your legs above the level of your abdomen for 10-15 minutes several times a day.
