Pregnancy Calendar at Week 24
What's Happening with the Baby
At the 24th week of embryonic development, the fetus reaches a length of approximately 25-30 cm and weighs around 550-600 grams. The baby gains weight significantly each week. About 60% of babies born at this stage survive with proper medical care, as the lungs are developed enough by this week to support life outside the mother's body.
In addition to weight gain, there are also qualitative changes occurring in the baby's body. The subcutaneous fat layer thickens, making the skin look less "transparent," and the amount of pigment responsible for skin color increases. A developed network of capillaries gives the skin a pinkish tint.
The liver actively accumulates glycogen reserves, while the spleen and red bone marrow participate in the process of blood formation. The digestive system undergoes active training as the baby swallows amniotic fluid, which exercises the muscles of the digestive tract. The baby "consumes" about 500 ml of fluid per day.
Crucial organs continue to develop, including the brain and sensory organs. The brain weighs about 100 grams, and the surface of the brain matter is already forming convolutions. The development of the cerebellum and midbrain is nearing completion. The most significant changes are happening in the respiratory system, where the lungs produce a special substance called surfactant, which helps them expand during inhalation.
The baby's head is already covered with hair, and their eyebrows and eyelashes are formed. The little one has their own sleep and wake cycles, and can hear sounds from the mother's body and the surrounding environment. The baby is active in the womb – they can kick with their legs and arms, turn around, and grab the umbilical cord, but for most of the day (16-19 hours), they sleep.
What's Happening with Mom
The past five months and one week of pregnancy finally give mom a break starting from the 24th week. By this time, morning sickness is no longer bothering her, and she feels energetic and active since her belly isn't too big yet, allowing her to take care of herself – going for walks, swimming, and attending prenatal fitness classes.
Changes in the Uterus
The height of the uterine fundus rises about 4 cm above the navel. The size of the uterus can be visually compared to the volume of a soccer ball. Since the uterus compresses internal organs, discomfort in the intestines is common. A mucus plug, which protects the baby from infection, is fully formed in the cervix. Some women may start experiencing mild contractions as the uterus prepares for labor. These contractions are not regular or prolonged, so there's no need to worry.
Urination
Urination normalizes. If there's no infection, the pregnant woman doesn't feel frequent urges. It's important to monitor the reduction in urine output, as it can be associated with swelling. With proper fluid intake, no issues are observed.
Headache
Headaches specifically related to changes at this stage don't typically occur. The causes of discomfort can be simple fatigue, prolonged exposure to noisy environments, being out in the sun for too long, doing repetitive monotonous work, stress, or emotional strain. To prevent headaches, eliminate the triggering factor.
Lower Back Pain
Lower back pain doesn't go away even at 24 weeks. The uterus puts pressure on nerve endings, so when in an uncomfortable position or staying in one position for too long, a woman experiences pulling pains in the back area. Usually, the pain subsides when the woman changes her body position. There's no need for concern if the pain isn't accompanied by a fever or urinary problems. Lower back pain can also arise due to significant weight gain, typically appearing in the second half of the day.
Breast Changes
Breast enlargement continues. This process is controlled by hormones, so a woman may feel an unpleasant sense of fullness, tingling, similar to what happens during menstruation. Blood flow increases, so a vascular pattern may appear on the breasts. Nipples darken, and the areolas enlarge. Colostrum may appear. Stretch marks can develop on the skin of the breasts, so proper care is necessary.
Skin Pigmentation
Skin pigmentation continues, and the face is at risk for developing dark spots. Some women notice a more pronounced line from the navel to the pubic area. In the pigmented areas, stretch marks become more visible, appearing as light spots.
Swelling
At 24 weeks of pregnancy, swelling can be a nuisance. For minor swelling, it's important to adjust your fluid intake, reduce salt consumption, and stay active throughout the day. Swelling usually occurs in hot weather, and you can alleviate it by placing a pillow under your legs while lying down, so they are elevated 6-8 inches above the surface.
Vaginal Discharge
As pregnancy progresses, the nature of vaginal discharge changes. At 24 weeks, women may notice a milky, medium-thick discharge composed of vaginal secretions and dead cells. This is completely normal due to the increased levels of estrogen. If there is no specific sour or fishy smell, itching, or burning in the genital area, there is no need to worry. Otherwise, see a doctor, as it could indicate a yeast infection or another infection.
Minor Bleeding
Bleeding during pregnancy is not always associated with a miscarriage. Minor blood discharge can occur due to:
- ectropion, cervical polyps, and dysplasia;
- taking certain medications;
- blood clotting disorders;
- weak vaginal blood vessels.
Changes in Preferences
There are no specific changes. By the 24th week, previous eating habits return, so the expectant mother can eat normally, but it's important not to eat "for two." There is no special reaction to smells.
Weight Gain
By the 24th week of pregnancy, the normal weight gain is about 8 kg. If a woman was overweight before conception, the weight gain might be half of the average norm. The weight gain is most noticeable in women with an asthenic body type. On average, weight increases by 400 g per week, and it is necessary to monitor it and keep a diary.
Medical Examination
At the 24th week, it's necessary to undergo routine check-ups and, if needed, get treatment from specialists in other fields.
Mandatory examinations:
- Ultrasound (second one) – conducted to rule out nervous system defects, determine the amniotic fluid index (to diagnose polyhydramnios or oligohydramnios), and examine the condition of the placenta. At this stage, doctors can also accurately determine the baby's gender;
- Complete blood count – the doctor is interested in the hemoglobin level, as the baby requires more iron at this stage for its needs;
- Routine gynecological exam – measuring the height of the uterine fundus, listening to the fetal heartbeat, weighing the pregnant woman, and measuring blood pressure;
- Urine test – shows how well the mother's kidneys are functioning, especially important if there are any urinary system pathologies;
- Electrocardiogram (EKG) – identifies physically reversible changes in heart function related to the increased load on the cardiovascular system during pregnancy.
Pregnancy Challenges
Usually, the 24th week doesn't bring any unpleasant surprises, but some women might experience difficulties carrying their baby.
Polyhydramnios
This condition is confirmed after a routine ultrasound. When polyhydramnios is detected, doctors suspect an intrauterine infection, so a series of tests will be ordered. Polyhydramnios can be caused by maternal extragenital diseases such as diabetes, heart, and vascular pathologies. It can also result from an Rh incompatibility, congenital fetal abnormalities, or twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome if the woman is carrying twins. In any case, a doctor's consultation is required to determine the cause.
Leaking Amniotic Fluid
Women often confuse this with natural discharge, but at this stage, it's crucial to be extremely attentive to your condition to avoid missing any complications. It's best to seek medical attention immediately, as this complication can lead to premature labor, and both the woman's and baby's health need to be monitored by healthcare professionals.
Short Cervix
This can be an individual characteristic of the female body or an acquired pathology, which may result in premature cervical dilation and early labor. If this condition is detected, the doctor will provide recommendations or may hospitalize the woman to preserve the pregnancy. In some cases, the cervix is stitched until delivery.
Placental Pathologies
Improper placental positioning and incomplete attachment are serious concerns only if there are signs of a miscarriage, such as cramping pain in the lower abdomen and bleeding. Most women carry the fetus to term by following their doctor's instructions.
Swelling
The appearance of swelling throughout the body, unpleasant tingling, blood pressure spikes, and weight gain can be signs of preeclampsia. The danger lies not only in the swelling of the body itself but also in the placenta, which can impair the fetus's nutrition. If swelling appears all over the body, it is crucial to see a doctor immediately.
What You Can and Can't Do
At 24 weeks pregnant, a woman needs to be especially mindful of what she can and can't do at this stage. This affects both her health and the health of her baby.
What Moms-to-Be CAN Do:
- Take more walks in the fresh air, especially before bedtime;
- Eat seasonal vegetables – the fiber intake will improve digestion;
- Communicate with your baby and monitor their movements;
- Eat foods rich in iron, which is essential for the baby;
- Go for your scheduled check-ups and take the necessary tests;
- Eat in moderation, avoid sweets to prevent excessive weight gain;
- Take care of your skin to avoid a large number of stretch marks;
- Do pregnancy exercises, sign up for fitness classes;
- Strengthen your muscles by swimming – the pool is not off-limits at this stage, and you can also attend prenatal aqua aerobics;
- Use a maternity belt if your back hurts from your growing belly;
- Wear compression stockings if you are prone to varicose veins, have circulation issues, or experience swelling in your lower limbs.
What Moms-to-Be CAN'T Do:
- Avoid eating too much salty or smoked food to prevent water retention in your body;
- Don't sit or stand in one position for too long – it can cause back pain;
- Skip the high heels – they can lead to blood pooling in your legs;
- Don't eat too much protein-rich food to avoid constipation and the risk of hemorrhoids;
- Avoid drinking tea right after meals – the theine in tea can hinder iron absorption from food;
- Don't dye your hair, eyebrows, or eyelashes (the procedure can introduce toxic substances to both you and your baby);
- Don't walk for extended periods, as it can cause swelling and leg pain;
- Stay away from synthetic clothing, which can increase sweating;
- In your intimate life, avoid rough sex and choose comfortable positions that don't put pressure on your belly;
- If you have low amniotic fluid, are pregnant with twins, or have a low-lying placenta, there's a risk of miscarriage, so sexual activity is prohibited.
Proper Nutrition
It's important for a woman to maintain proper nutrition, prepare permitted natural foods, and avoid undesirable methods of food processing like frying, smoking, and salting.
At 24 weeks of pregnancy, it is recommended to:
- Include protein-rich foods in your diet as a mandatory element during the active growth period of the fetus – these are the building blocks for your baby's body cells;
- Avoid drinking raw milk, even if it's homemade; it's better to opt for pasteurized milk;
- Incorporate beef (a source of iron), red fish (contains important omega-3 acids), and berries (which include folic acid and vitamin C) into your diet;
- Due to the compression of the stomach by the uterus, its volume decreases, so you should eat small portions more frequently;
- Avoid foods that trigger heartburn, and if it occurs, take calcium carbonate supplements to alleviate the discomfort;
- Don't over-salt your food – this can cause fluid retention in the body; it's also better to use iodized salt;
- Limit your water intake to one and a half liters;
- Avoid easily digestible carbohydrates that can lead to weight gain – primarily sweets, baked goods, and carbonated drinks.
At week 24, treat yourself to recipes that make your favorite healthy foods the most tender and delicious. Braise, steam, and simmer your meals, focusing on fiber and adequate protein – these foods are not only beneficial for mom but also for the baby. Stick to locally sourced foods – they are best tolerated by your body and less likely to cause allergic reactions.
Need for Vitamins and Micronutrients
Week 24 of pregnancy is a period of active growth for the baby, so the need for vitamins and minerals doubles. Calcium, ascorbic acid, zinc, and iron play a significant role.
Vitamin A (Retinol)
– It’s best to take no more than the recommended dosage, ideally through food sources. You need 350 mcg of retinol per day in the form of palmitate and carotenoids. To boost your vitamin A intake, eat pumpkin, carrots, melons, fish oil, and peaches.
Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)
More is needed than usual. A deficiency in this nutrient can result in peripheral neuropathy, which is very harmful to the baby's health. Pregnant women should consume 2 mg of thiamine daily. It can be found in broccoli, carrots, cauliflower, potatoes, and oranges.
Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)
The daily dose of riboflavin is about 2 mg. This vitamin is beneficial for those who have experienced severe toxicosis, and by week 24, you can replenish its deficiency. Riboflavin is found in beef offal, feta cheese, mushrooms, and dairy products.
Vitamin B6
It is responsible for proteins, which are the main building blocks for the cells of all tissues and organs of the baby. At the 24th week, it is extremely necessary because the fetus is actively growing and gaining weight. The daily norm of pyridoxine is 2.5 mg, and it should not be increased. Pyridoxine is found in hazelnuts, walnuts, potatoes, carrots, strawberries, spinach, and tomatoes.
Vitamin B9 (Folic Acid)
This is an important vitamin throughout the entire pregnancy because it stimulates the growth and renewal of cells. It is recommended to take 400 mcg daily. Folic acid is found in green vegetables, flour, legumes, and citrus fruits.
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)
It is taken alongside folic acid. The daily norm for a pregnant woman is between 5 to 10 mcg of cobalamin. A deficiency of this vitamin can lead to delayed intrauterine development, neural tube defects, miscarriage, and premature birth. Vitamin B12 is found in dairy products, meat, eggs, and cheeses.
Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)
The need for it increases during pregnancy. At least 100 mg should be consumed daily. Ascorbic acid can be obtained from citrus fruits, tomatoes, cauliflower, potatoes, and berries.
Vitamin D3 (Cholecalciferol)
Vitamin D improves the absorption of phosphorus and calcium, and aids in the formation of the musculoskeletal system of the fetus. A deficiency can lead to miscarriage and the development of rickets after the baby is born. Cholecalciferol is additionally prescribed in amounts of 400-600 IU. In food, it is found in seafood.
Vitamin E (Tocopherol)
It participates in the process of tissue respiration and supports the optimal functions of the placenta, which is especially important at the 24th week when the baby actively receives nutrients from it for growth and development. A deficiency in this vitamin can trigger a miscarriage. The daily requirement is 10 mg. Tocopherol is found in spinach, avocados, nuts, and seafood.
Vitamin B7 (Biotin)
This vitamin is prescribed as part of multivitamin complexes because the body's own reserves are not sufficient. A deficiency in biotin can cause intrauterine developmental defects in the fetus, so at least 50 mcg of this beneficial substance should be consumed daily. Biotin can also be obtained from dairy products, parsley, dill, sauerkraut, carrots, cucumbers, and tomatoes.
Vitamin K
– is crucial for calcium absorption in the fetus's body and affects blood clotting. Vitamin K is often included in multivitamins, but it can also be obtained from food sources like wheat bran, olive oil, milk, cottage cheese, greens, cabbage, kiwi, avocado, and bananas. The daily requirement for phylloquinone is 500 mcg.
Vitamin PP (Niacinamide)
– this substance ensures proper blood circulation between the mother and the baby, playing a role in the development of the placenta's vascular system. A deficiency in niacinamide can cause gastrointestinal issues and allergic skin reactions. The daily requirement is 20 mg of niacin. It can be sourced from peanuts, seafood, whole grain bread, organ meats, and corn.
Iodine
– this element is necessary for thyroid hormone production and the formation of the child's iodine reserves. A deficiency at 24 weeks can lead to developmental delays and abnormalities in the fetus. The recommended daily intake is 250 mcg. Iodine is most abundant in seafood (especially rich in cod liver, roe, and shrimp), cranberries, apples, buckwheat, and persimmons.
Calcium
A key element for the skeletal system, it ensures the proper functioning of the muscular and cardiovascular systems. It is very important for the growing fetus. The daily requirement is 1300 mg. Calcium can be obtained not only from vitamin complexes but also from dairy products, eggs, cheese, and greens.
Magnesium
Magnesium aids in the absorption of over five hundred proteins, making its benefits for fetal growth at 24 weeks exceptional. This element is involved in the formation of the fetus's muscles and skeletal system. A deficiency can threaten miscarriage, fetal development delays, and increased uterine tone. A daily intake of 450 mg of magnesium is necessary, which can be obtained from sesame seeds, wheat bran, sunflower seeds, and pine nuts.
Phosphorus
– Responsible for the elimination of fetal waste products. It aids in the absorption of B vitamins. A daily intake of 1.3 g is required. It is found in wheat bran, sesame seeds, pumpkin seeds, and raisins.
Potassium
– Maintains fluid levels and prevents swelling, supports the functioning of the nervous system, and is involved in heart function. Since swelling can occur at 24 weeks, potassium is extremely important, with a daily requirement of 250 mcg. High potassium content can be found in potatoes, tomatoes, pumpkin, parsley, and dried fruits.
Sodium
– Participates in metabolic processes but is used sparingly due to the potential for water retention at 24 weeks of pregnancy, which sodium can exacerbate. A daily intake of no more than 500 mg is recommended. It can be obtained from seafood and cheeses.
Chromium
Necessary for normalizing blood glucose levels. The medication may be prescribed at the 24th week if a blood test shows elevated sugar levels. This element is involved in the metabolism of proteins in the fetus, breaking down carbohydrates and fats. 50 mcg is the required daily intake of chromium. To make up for a chromium deficiency, you should consume meat, seafood, dairy products, and potatoes.
Cobalt
– the main component of vitamin B12, it affects the production of amino acids, proteins, and fats. It is important at the 24th week during the growth period of the fetus. The daily requirement for cobalt is 1.2 mg. The best sources of this element are seafood.
Copper
– you need to increase copper intake, as it is necessary for the proper absorption and utilization of iron. A deficiency can lead to impaired protein absorption, which is essential for fetal growth. If there is a copper deficiency at the 24th week, the risk of iron-deficiency anemia in the fetus increases. The optimal daily intake is 2.2 mg. To boost the amount of this element, consume liver, legumes, peanuts, and shrimp.
Iron
– from the 24th week, the body's need for iron increases. Depending on the levels, the doctor will prescribe iron, with an average requirement of 20-60 mg. You can get iron from pork and beef liver, fish, legumes, spinach, and apples.
Selenium
– an antioxidant that protects the fetus. The amount of selenium needs to be increased by the 24th week, which is why pregnant women are strongly advised to take it as part of multivitamins. The daily requirement is 50-60 mcg, and selenium can be obtained from seafood, meat, cottage cheese, and eggs.
Silicon
– essential for the formation and normal development of the fetal musculoskeletal system. With the help of silicon, the fetus's body absorbs more than seventy important trace elements. It influences the development of connective tissue and fat tissue, which appears in the fetus by the 24th week. The daily requirement is about 20 mg. You can get this element from foods like rice, oatmeal, soy, and lentils, but doctors usually recommend it as part of multivitamins.
Zinc
– regulates more than five hundred enzymes. The need for zinc increases from the 24th week when the fetus is growing rapidly. A deficiency in this element raises the risk of neural tube defects in the baby. The daily requirement is 15 mg. Zinc can be obtained from meat, dairy products, beets, potatoes, and fruits.
Helpful Tips
As the child continues to grow and the woman gains weight, she needs to carefully monitor her skin to prevent stretch marks, eat moderately, and wear a support band for her belly. Special creams and oils containing vitamin E can help prevent stretch marks and keep the skin beautiful – a specific product will be recommended by the doctor.
At the 24th week of pregnancy, the future dad needs to spend more time with the baby. This can include gently rubbing the belly and talking – the baby can already perceive external sounds and starts to distinguish between the mother's and father's voices, which is crucial for establishing a bond between the parent and the baby.
Exercises for Expecting Moms
During pregnancy, physical exertion is contraindicated, but doctors are strongly against excluding an active lifestyle from the daily routine of the expectant mother. With properly organized exercise that avoids excessive strain, a woman can effectively prepare her body for childbirth, maintain an attractive figure, and feel energetic and strong throughout the pregnancy.
Special fitness programs for pregnant women are available in most gyms, where you can work out with a trainer. Since a pregnant woman's body increases the production of substances that enhance joint mobility, it's important not to perceive movements as too easy – a large range of motion can be harmful, so trainers eliminate swings and bends from the routine.
Dynamic stretching, which involves stretching the muscles and holding the position for a while, is beneficial. You should only perform movements that are comfortable and do not cause any discomfort in the lower abdomen or back. Weights heavier than 11 pounds should not be used.
From the 24th week onward, exercises on the back should be avoided. Most elements can be modified to be done standing or sitting. This applies to exercises for training the pelvic muscles and shoulder girdle. During exercise, the heart rate should not exceed 120 beats per minute. The period of elevated heart rate should not exceed 10-15 minutes, after which rest and normalization of the heartbeat are necessary.
Discomforts During Pregnancy
Heartburn
Due to the pressure on the stomach, any overeating can lead to heartburn for mom. Often, these episodes occur in the evening and during periods of the baby's activity. To avoid suffering from heartburn, it's recommended to eat small, frequent meals and avoid foods that are hard to digest. Keep heartburn medications, recommended by your doctor, on hand at home. They are safe during pregnancy and can help relieve unpleasant symptoms.
Hemorrhoids
Hemorrhoids often flare up or appear for the first time around the 24th week. This is due to increased intra-abdominal pressure. Symptoms like itching and burning in the anal area, painful bowel movements, bloating, and irregularity in defecation are reasons to see a doctor. A specialist will prescribe specific ointments or suppositories for hemorrhoids to help heal any fissures promptly. It's also necessary to adjust your diet to include more fiber.
Skin Itching
Skin itching in the abdominal area often appears in pregnant women during the active growth stage of the fetus. These sensations arise due to the stretching of tissues, causing the skin to itch. Some women also experience peeling if their skin is dry. To alleviate these unpleasant symptoms, use products that contain vitamin E.
Dry Eye Syndrome
At 24 weeks, some women report experiencing discomfort in their eyes, such as dryness and a gritty feeling. It's important not to rub your eyes, as this can cause conjunctival swelling. Consult your doctor, and they will recommend safe eye drops to help alleviate the issue.
Checklist
- Week 24 of pregnancy is the time for your second scheduled ultrasound. Be sure to listen carefully to your doctor's recommendations after the procedure;
- Drink plenty of fluids to avoid dehydration, but be mindful of swelling;
- Consume iron-rich foods or take vitamins, as your baby's need for iron increases at this stage;
- Swim in a pool to relieve pressure on your spine, stimulate your abdominal muscles, and provide vestibular training for your baby;
- Strengthen your pelvic floor muscles by doing Kegel exercises – this will help during both the prenatal and postnatal periods.