Pregnancy Calendar at Week 30
What's Happening with the Baby
At 30 weeks pregnant, the major systems and organs are formed, and their refinement continues. The baby is actively gaining weight through muscle and fat tissues, moving around, and showing emotions. The appearance is increasingly similar to a newborn:
- with the active growth and maturation of the brain, brain convolutions and grooves are forming, laying the foundations of the psyche;
- the fetus is already capable of memory and responds to gentle words;
- the baby's weight is approaching one and a half kilograms, and the length is up to 40 cm;
- the eyes can focus and react to light, although they can only see very close objects;
- thermoregulation is improving, and the amount of fine hair covering the skin is decreasing;
- the skin is becoming less wrinkled and smoothing out;
- motor activity is increasing, and the baby can grasp objects with their fingers;
- blood formation is now fully occurring in the red bone marrow, rather than in the liver or spleen;
- the immune and respiratory systems are almost fully developed;
- the baby already responds to the taste of food and signals this to the mother;
- at this time, the baby usually assumes the position that precedes birth;
- the fetal heart rate is 140-160 beats per minute.
30 Weeks Pregnant: What Month Is It?
At 30 weeks, which is 7 months according to the obstetric timeline, the baby is almost fully developed, so you can put most of your worries behind you. Mom is getting used to the baby, paying attention to them, noticing their sleep and wake cycles, periods of activity, and stretches. The woman's weight has already increased, and any further weight gain will mainly be due to the baby's growth. During this period, mom's sensations may change.
What's Happening with Mom
Feelings:
Changes in Gait
Due to the increased weight of the baby and uterus, the center of gravity shifts, and your walk might become a bit "waddling." This helps maintain balance and move with the least energy expenditure. Don't worry, everything will quickly return to normal after childbirth. Exercises for pregnant women can help maintain overall tone.
Sleep Disturbances
Your hormonal levels have stabilized, but now your internal anxieties and pre-birth worries significantly affect your nervous system and falling asleep. Take walks before bed, listen to your favorite music, watch movies, and focus on a positive outcome.
Mood Swings
Even though you understand the mood swings, it can be hard to manage the sudden shifts from laughter to tears. Try to avoid unpleasant people, reduce household chores, and indulge in your favorite hobbies.
Pain from Baby's Movements
You can already feel the baby's movements, and as they grow, these movements might sometimes be accompanied by pain. There's not much room in the uterus, but the baby still wants to move, so soothe them by gently rubbing your belly, playing calm music, or talking softly to them.
Leg Pain
The strain on your legs increases not only due to fluid retention and weight gain but also because of changes in the condition of your cartilage and bones. This phenomenon is temporary as well. Limit the time you spend standing, elevate your legs while resting, and if you experience significant pain, consult a doctor.
Lower Back Pain
Your spine extends due to the shift in your center of gravity, which can lead to compression of the exiting nerve roots. Wearing a maternity support belt appropriate for your stage of pregnancy can help, as can sleeping in the fetal position—on your side with your knees pulled up to your chest. Limping or severe pain is a reason to see a doctor.
Abdominal Discomfort
This naturally occurs due to the enlarged uterus and the displacement of abdominal organs from their usual positions. Additionally, it can be related to the baby's active movements. Maintain a proper diet, monitor your bowel movements, and find a comfortable resting position.
Shortness of Breath
When the diaphragm shifts upward, the volume of the chest cavity decreases, which can cause shortness of breath. If this is related to physical activity or additional exertion, there's no need to worry. However, if you experience shortness of breath while at rest, it's best to consult a doctor to rule out any potential complications.
Gas and Bloating
The feeling of bloating is uncomfortable and distressing, caused by pressure on the intestines and disruption of eating habits. To prevent such sensations, avoid overeating and limit foods that cause fermentation: rye bread, raw vegetables. If bloating frequently bothers you, inform your doctor.
Constipation
Unfortunately, it is common at this stage, caused by the pressure of the uterus on the intestines. If dietary adjustments don't solve the problem, increase physical activity and follow your doctor's recommendations.
Heartburn
Often bothers pregnant women at this stage. It is felt behind the breastbone and can be prolonged and even accompanied by bouts of sharp pain. It is recommended to eat small portions, stay active after meals, and take medications if prescribed by your doctor.
Heaviness in the lower abdomen
If you experience short episodes, there is no need to worry. This is your body preparing for childbirth. However, if you have prolonged pain with spotting, a medical examination is necessary.
Development of Twins
During a twin pregnancy, by this stage, the babies have already settled into a position from which they will be born. Each of them weighs between 2.2 to 3.3 pounds, with a possible weight difference of up to 0.66 pounds. For boys, the testicles have usually descended into the scrotum, and the major developmental milestones have been reached. These babies are generally ready for independent life earlier than those in a single pregnancy.
Medical Examination
During visits to the women's clinic, the attending physician schedules necessary examinations at the appropriate times. If medical indications arise, the pregnant woman may be additionally referred to a specialist.
Doctors
- Regular check-ups with an obstetrician-gynecologist.
- A general practitioner assesses the mother's readiness for childbirth and checks for any complications.
- A dentist evaluates the condition of the oral cavity.
- An ophthalmologist is consulted for eye diseases or significant myopia.
- A cardiologist is consulted for older mothers or those with chronic conditions. If blood pressure issues arise during pregnancy, it's advisable to seek their advice.
- If necessary, the attending physician will refer to other specialists.
Tests
- Complete blood count and urinalysis.
- Blood test for blood type and Rh factor.
- Blood test for HIV and hepatitis.
- Biochemical blood test.
- Smear for cytology and flora.
- Glucose tolerance test to rule out diabetes.
- Coagulogram for preliminary assessment of blood loss during childbirth.
- Screening for sexually transmitted infections as indicated.
Examinations
- Electrocardiogram.
- A routine ultrasound can be scheduled at 30 weeks.
- Abdominal ultrasound if there are complaints or indications.
- Kidney ultrasound, especially if the woman has changes in urine or high blood pressure.
- Fetal cardiotocography to assess heart function.
- If there is chronic pathology - additional procedures.
Pregnancy Challenges
By the thirtieth week, the main issues women face are related to weight gain, an increase in belly size, and added strain on the organs.
Active Movements
The baby has grown, and there's less room, so movements can cause discomfort or even pain. The baby is no longer floating in the amniotic fluid but is in a stable position for birth. To alleviate symptoms, take more walks, stay calm, and maintain a positive mood.
Shortness of Breath
The more weight you gain, the more often this symptom appears. The abdominal organs press on the diaphragm, which worsens lung ventilation. This is a temporary phenomenon but can be quite uncomfortable. Pace your physical activity and make sure to rest.
Restricted Movement
This manifests not only as difficulty breathing but also as challenges like getting out of bed comfortably due to lower back heaviness. Get up slowly, first turning to one side, then gradually lowering your legs off the bed.
Constipation
This shows up as delayed bowel movements and abdominal discomfort. To improve your condition, follow a diet, and if the problems are severe, your doctor will prescribe treatment.
Leg Swelling
This is caused by increased strain on the peripheral veins. It can be a sign of pregnancy complications.
Lower Back Pain
The physiological curve of the spine changes, and the lumbar roots get pinched. We help ourselves by wearing a brace and maintaining the correct sleeping posture. After pregnancy, everything quickly goes back to normal.
What You Can and Can't Do
A mom's abilities at this stage are limited by increased weight and the related issues, but self-care and a positive attitude are absolutely essential.
What an Expecting Mom CAN Do:
- Continue to regularly do pregnancy exercises as demonstrated at the healthcare facility.
- Physical activity should take the pregnancy stage into account, be smooth, without jumps or sudden movements. You can walk at a leisurely pace, swim in safe open waters, and sunbathe.
- Entertainment can include reading, watching movies, going to the theater, and immersing yourself in classical music.
- Medications and supplements should only be taken as prescribed by your doctor, as not all are safe during pregnancy.
- Check the baby items and additional supplies you have prepared. Doctors recommend being fully ready for the hospital trip at this stage.
- Maintain a positive attitude towards the upcoming birth.
What an Expecting Mom CAN'T Do:
- Avoid injuries and putting yourself in danger. Not recommended: active sports, jumping, heavy lifting, or horseback riding.
- Alcohol and smoking are contraindicated during this period. They have toxic effects on both the mother and the baby, which can trigger premature labor or affect the baby's development.
- Strong tea and coffee are not recommended. They constrict blood vessels, which can raise blood pressure in pregnant women and disrupt the baby's nutrition, leading to developmental delays.
- It's advisable to avoid stress and psychologically traumatic situations. Working moms usually go on maternity leave, so work emergencies won't affect them. However, it's important for those at home to ensure the pregnant woman's peace and quiet.
- It's better to postpone hand-washing floors at home. Rural women are advised against gardening tasks like weeding or watering, digging, or carrying heavy baskets.
- All medical procedures or medications should only be taken as prescribed by a doctor and according to medical indications.
- Spicy or canned foods, fried dishes, delicacies, or barbecues are undesirable.
- Offal or processed foods won't benefit either the mother or the baby.
Proper Nutrition
For the best possible benefits from your diet, it's advisable to follow the recommendations of nutritionists and doctors.
At 30 weeks pregnant, it's recommended to:
- Eat 5-6 small meals a day without long breaks in between.
- Avoid lying down for 20-30 minutes after eating and limit food intake before bedtime.
- Maintain a proper balance of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates in your diet, as each element is important and beneficial.
- Prefer cooking methods like boiling, baking, or stewing; avoid fried or grilled foods.
- Eat fresh foods without spicy seasonings and excessive salt.
- Consume enough vegetables and unsweetened fruits to prevent digestive issues and constipation.
- If not taking vitamin supplements, adjust your diet to ensure you get the necessary vitamins and minerals.
- Avoid simple carbs like pastries, jam, sugary drinks, and ice cream. Opt for complex carbs found in whole grain cereals, whole grain bread, vegetables, and grains.
- Include dairy products in your diet for the proper development of the baby's skeleton and to prevent complications for the mother.
When eating, a pregnant woman is already introducing her baby to certain tastes and getting them used to healthy eating habits. In other words, certain preferences are being established even in the womb, which should be taken into account when planning a diet.
For disease prevention and a successful pregnancy, it is recommended to:
- Have a daily intake of various grain porridges with added nuts, dried fruits, or raisins as a source of complex carbohydrates;
- Include a sufficient amount of fish in the diet as a source of high-quality protein, omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, iodine, and bromine;
- Consume milk and dairy products to maintain optimal levels of calcium, B vitamins, fats, and proteins in the body;
- Include poultry or beef meat products to supply the body with iron, trace elements, and vitamins;
- Eat organic vegetables and fruits;
- Allow certain foods like chocolate, citrus fruits, and seafood, but only in the mornings.
Need for Vitamins and Minerals
At 30 weeks, the need for a balanced diet, trace elements, and vitamins remains elevated, so a woman plans her diet according to doctors' requirements and dietary recommendations.
Vitamin D
Regulates the proper ratio of calcium and phosphates in the bone tissue of both the mother and the baby, and is produced in the body under the influence of sunlight. A deficiency can impair the formation of the fetus's cartilage and bones and lower immunity. It is found in fatty fish, eggs, and black caviar.
Vitamin E (Tocopherol)
A fat-soluble antioxidant that protects tissues from the damaging effects of free radicals. It helps improve placental nutrition and prevents cramps and swelling. It is found in wheat germ, sunflower seeds, almonds, and walnuts.
Vitamin A (Retinol)
Important for the development of the visual apparatus, immune system, and fetal development. A deficiency can lead to vision problems and increased susceptibility to infections. To ensure adequate intake, it is recommended to consume liver, dairy products, and eggs.
Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)
An enzyme vitamin that is crucial for the body's energy processes. A deficiency can halt fetal development and disrupt the nervous and cardiovascular systems in pregnant women. It is found in sunflower seeds and nuts, liver, oatmeal, and barley.
Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)
Ensures the metabolism of amino acids and fatty acids. A deficiency can lead to tooth decay, vomiting, insomnia, and mental instability. It can be obtained from red fish and liver, sprouted seeds, and whole grain bread.
Vitamin B9 (Folic Acid)
Promotes fetal growth, stimulates the development of the blood-forming system, and aids in the development of the baby's brain. A deficiency can result in neural tube defects in the baby, premature birth, and bleeding in the mother. It can be sourced from meat products, pumpkin, and bran.
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)
Affects the maturation of red blood cells. A deficiency can be found in vegetarians, those with intestinal dysbiosis, and those who abuse alcohol. A lack of it can lead to impaired fetal blood formation. It is found in meat products, poultry, eggs, and fish.
Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic Acid)
Ensures the development of the baby's brain, intestines, and adrenal glands. It plays a role in the immune response and helps prevent aging. It is recommended to consume buckwheat and oatmeal, dairy products, and fish roe.
Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)
Ensures fetal growth, is necessary for the development of the nervous system and liver, and stimulates blood formation. A deficiency can lead to the development of cleft lip or palate. It can be obtained from grain products and legumes, liver, and dairy products.
Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)
Supports the development of connective tissue and stimulates the production of hormones and enzymes. A deficiency can lead to pregnancy complications and poor fetal nutrition. Found in tomatoes, cabbage, fruits, berries, and potatoes.
Vitamin K
Ensures proper blood clotting. A deficiency can result in various types of bleeding. Absorbed from olive oil, cabbage, and grains.
Iron
Essential for the formation of hemoglobin and certain enzymes. A deficiency weakens the immune system and disrupts the metabolism of B vitamins. Sourced from meat and liver, fish, and whole grain cereals.
Magnesium
Important for the absorption of calcium and vitamin C, and regulates uterine tone. A deficiency can lead to more frequent allergic reactions and impaired nervous system development. Found in seeds, buckwheat, sesame, and bran.
Iodine
Influences all bodily processes through hormone production; a deficiency can cause endocrine problems in children and disrupt sexual orientation. Sourced from seaweed, fish, and seafood.
Copper
Involved in iron absorption, phospholipid biosynthesis, and insulin production. A deficiency can impair respiratory function in newborns and affect the blood system. Recommended sources include veal and lamb, nuts, and seafood.
Zinc
Influences childbirth, prevents fetal deformities, and participates in the immune system's function. A deficiency can lead to uterine bleeding and delayed sexual development in children. It is sourced from grains and bran, dairy products, beef, and carrots.
Molybdenum.
Aids in the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats, and helps in the utilization of iron. Found in legumes and grains.
Chromium
Regulates blood sugar levels, and a deficiency can lead to metabolic syndrome. Found in oranges and grapes, turkey, bananas, and broccoli, as well as lettuce.
Selenium
Protects cell membranes from free radical damage and boosts all types of immune responses. A deficiency can lead to miscarriages. It is absorbed from seaweed and seafood, broccoli, and coconuts.
Manganese.
Ensures normal insulin secretion, cholesterol synthesis, and is involved in the formation of connective tissue. Present in nuts and legumes, leafy vegetables, and cereal grains.
Silicon
Strengthens the immune system, its antioxidant properties protect internal organs, and it affects the skin and nails. The mineral is involved in the formation of connective tissue and aids in regeneration. A deficiency affects the cardiovascular and skeletal systems and can lead to allergic diseases. Found in whole grain flour, vegetables, and fruits with skins.
Calcium
It plays a role in the formation of bones and cartilage, and acts as an inducer of muscle contractions. Low levels in the body can lead to rickets and osteoporosis, and may cause premature labor. It is sourced from dairy products and fish, nuts, and green vegetables.
Cobalt
It helps convert iron into hemoglobin, and is involved in the blood supply to the placenta and fetal growth. A deficiency in this mineral can lead to a loss of appetite and the development of asthenia. It is absorbed from squid and cod, peas, and rabbit meat.
Potassium
It is involved in the synthesis of proteins and glycogen, and regulates the acid-base balance. A deficiency in the body can disrupt nerve impulse transmission and cardiovascular activity. It is found in dried apricots and baked potatoes, prunes, and raisins.
Phosphorus
It is involved in energy transformation, essential for bone tissue development, and regulates hormone levels. A deficiency can disrupt energy balance and lead to dementia. Phosphorus-rich foods include seafood and fish, dairy products, and nuts.
Sodium
It is a crucial component of the body's internal environment, maintaining osmotic pressure and water-salt balance. A deficiency can cause severe weakness, low blood pressure, and muscle cramps.
Fluoride
It is necessary for the health of teeth and gums, and strengthens bones. A deficiency can lead to tooth loss. It is sourced from milk, cabbage, and spinach.
Important! Choose a multivitamin complex based on the recommendation of your obstetrician-gynecologist.
Helpful Tips
Most of the journey is behind you, now it's time to be patient and systematically prepare for childbirth. Even women who have given birth before feel anxious, and it's even harder for first-time moms. Remember, your baby already loves you and feels everything, so for their future, it's important to follow proven recommendations and advice. Now is not the time to go on a strict diet, even if your figure was perfect before pregnancy. All the nutrients a woman consumes go towards nourishing the baby and contributing to their strong health. A calm and happy mom means a comfortable and cozy baby. Stay positive, prepare physically and mentally, and have regular check-ups with your doctor.
It's important for the future dad to remember that your partner really needs support and love right now. Weight gain, changes in appearance, and mood swings are the price for bringing a new person into the world. Without a man's attention and gentle care, this stage is very hard to get through. Don't complain about minor household issues, take on some of the household tasks temporarily, and don't upset your partner with irritation and dissatisfaction. Whenever possible, listen to her wishes and whims, fulfill her desires, and give her the opportunity to focus on herself and the future baby.
Surround the mom-to-be with love and care, let her feel the strong support of a man and confidence in herself. Be there when needed and make thoughtful decisions; your attention will surely benefit your future relationship.
Exercises for Expecting Moms
Pregnancy isn't a reason to neglect yourself and stop caring about your appearance; in fact, it's quite the opposite. To stay in shape and prepare for childbirth, it's recommended to:
- Do comfortable morning exercises targeting various muscle groups at a slow pace without jerky movements or additional weights.
- Practice Kegel exercises while sitting or standing. If a woman hasn't been doing them during the early stages, she should consult a doctor before starting. This routine helps the expectant mother prepare for childbirth and make it easier.
- Engage in any activities at a calm pace, gradually increasing the intensity based on how the woman feels, preferably with some musical accompaniment.
- Athletes usually know their allowed limits, but for those without a sports background, it's recommended to take walks in good weather, get some sun for essential vitamins, and do household chores without lifting heavy objects or bending over.
- It's best to do sports activities with music, outdoors, and in a good mood and feeling well.
Discomforts During Pregnancy
Shortness of Breath During Movement
It increases as the pregnancy progresses and can now be bothersome even at rest due to increased pressure in the abdominal cavity. This is a temporary phenomenon and disappears without a trace after childbirth. It can be a symptom of complications, so it's best to inform your doctor. To improve your condition, engage in moderate physical activity, maintain emotional calm, and find a comfortable sleeping position.
Sensitive Movements
With each passing day, the baby gains weight and moves more, but space is limited. Movements can cause discomfort, and the mother may even identify an elbow or heel. Be patient, soothe the baby with a calm voice, soft music, or gentle belly rubs.
Leg Cramps
These are often a sign of a deficiency in trace elements and can occur with the use of diuretics or prolonged physical exertion. Short episodes can be effectively managed with minerals as prescribed by a doctor. For prolonged issues, a doctor can help address the discomfort.
Lower Back Pain
This can be periodic and may be accompanied by limping. It is caused by changes in physiological lordosis and a shift in the center of gravity. To help yourself, use a maternity support belt appropriate for your stage of pregnancy, monitor your weight and fluid retention, and find a comfortable position for rest and sleep.
Sleep Discomfort
A large belly makes it hard to find a comfortable position and get a good night's sleep. If possible, sleep alone on a wide, comfortable bed. Lie on your side with your knees bent and pulled up towards your belly. Before going to bed, air out the room; evening walks in the fresh air are beneficial.
Dizziness
It usually decreases by this time. However, if you've gained a lot of weight and your blood pressure is rising, you need to consult a doctor. If you experience dizziness periodically, increase the time you spend walking, monitor your blood pressure, and seek out positive experiences.
Heaviness in the Abdomen
This is caused by the pressure of the uterus on internal organs, stretching of the uterine ligaments, softening of the ligaments and tendons, and preparation for upcoming childbirth. If it is accompanied by pulling pains and, especially, discharge from the genital tract, a medical examination is necessary. On your own, find a comfortable position while resting and limit physical and emotional stress.
Weakness
It's advisable to determine the cause of this condition. If episodes are rare and short-lived, especially when changing body positions, there's no need to worry. If the weakness is pronounced and lasts for a long time, consult your doctor.
Tendency to Constipation
It's quite common to feel unwell at this stage, but it's manageable. This is caused by the growing uterus compressing the abdominal organs and pushing them out of their usual place. Balanced nutrition, moderate physical activity, and, if necessary, plant-based supplements to ease bowel movements are important. Persistent constipation requires a doctor's consultation, as delayed bowel movements can negatively affect the baby.
Irritation and Discontent
Hormonal changes accompany every woman during pregnancy and childbirth. These fluctuations vary depending on the stage and overall background, but they significantly impact mood. Try to come to terms with this idea, entertain yourself with your favorite hobbies or social interactions, and think about the successful completion of this important life stage.
Swelling in the Legs
For women with pre-existing venous disease, this is a common symptom. A surgeon can provide advice on medication and orthopedic aids. If there were no issues before pregnancy, possible causes could be weight gain and fluid retention, or pregnancy complications. It's recommended to consult a doctor to assess this condition.
Anemia
Hemoglobin reduction in mothers varies in degrees. A mild degree accompanies almost every second pregnancy and is corrected through diet and intake of trace elements. If the anemia is moderate or severe, inpatient treatment is recommended to normalize the blood picture. Anemia can pose a risk of blood loss during childbirth.
Preeclampsia
A serious pregnancy complication that a woman may not initially feel. It is dangerous due to the risk of premature birth and health complications for both the mother and baby. Signs of preeclampsia that a pregnant woman might notice include sudden weight gain, dizziness or vision deterioration, headaches, swelling in the legs, or increased blood pressure. The doctor evaluates changes in tests, prescribes treatment, and recommends observation in a hospital setting.